Make word-study Speak work without a Greek or Hebrew voice

- Pick the language from the word's own letters, then the Strong's prefix
- Fall back to reading the transliteration when the device has no matching voice
- Wait for the browser to load its voice list; clear a stuck queue first
- Strip Hebrew cantillation marks before speaking
- Pass the transliteration from the word study, verse sheet and pronunciation page

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/components/reader/VerseSheet.jsx

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ function OriginalTab({ words }) {
             {w.p && <div className="mt-0.5 text-[10px] leading-tight text-[var(--r-sub)]">{w.p}</div>}
             {w.s && <div className="mt-0.5 text-[10px] text-[var(--r-sub)]">{w.s}</div>}
             {canSpeak && (
-              <button type="button" onClick={() => speakOriginalWord(w.o, w.s)}
+              <button type="button" onClick={() => speakOriginalWord(w.o, w.s, w.t)}
                 className="mt-1.5 rounded-lg bg-[var(--r-bar)] px-2 py-0.5 text-[11px] hover:bg-black/5"
                 title={`Pronounce in ${isHebrew ? 'Hebrew' : 'Greek'}`}>Speak</button>
             )}

src/components/study/WordStudyTab.jsx

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ function WordCard({ word, open, onToggle, chunkId, wordStudy }) {
             <button type="button" onClick={() => lookupWord(chunkId, word.id, 'hebrew')} className={btn}>{word.loading ? 'Looking up...' : 'Look up Hebrew'}</button>
             {iq && strongs && <button type="button" onClick={() => setLexicon((o) => !o)} aria-pressed={lexicon} className={btn} title="Strong's, BDB, LSJ and Abbott-Smith entries">Lexicons</button>}
             {strongs && <button type="button" onClick={() => setWhere((o) => !o)} aria-pressed={where} className={btn} title="Every verse that uses this word, by book">Where else</button>}
-            {word.lexeme && <button type="button" onClick={() => speakOriginalWord(word.lexeme, word.strongNumber)} className={btn} title="Hear pronunciation">Speak</button>}
+            {word.lexeme && <button type="button" onClick={() => speakOriginalWord(word.lexeme, word.strongNumber, word.transliteration)} className={btn} title="Hear pronunciation">Speak</button>}
             <button type="button" onClick={() => removeGreekWord(chunkId, word.id)} className={`${btn} ml-auto text-[var(--r-danger,#b42318)]`}>Delete</button>
           </div>
           <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-2">

src/pages/PronunciationPage.jsx

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ function WordCard({ word, chapterRef, onSpeak }) {
           {word.transliteration && <p className="mt-1 text-base italic text-[var(--r-sub)]">{word.transliteration}</p>}
         </div>
         <div className="flex shrink-0 flex-col items-end gap-2">
-          {word.lexeme && <button type="button" onClick={() => onSpeak(word.lexeme, word.strongNumber)} className="rounded-lg border border-[var(--r-line)] px-3 py-1.5 text-xs hover:bg-black/5" title="Hear pronunciation">Speak</button>}
+          {word.lexeme && <button type="button" onClick={() => onSpeak(word.lexeme, word.strongNumber, word.transliteration)} className="rounded-lg border border-[var(--r-line)] px-3 py-1.5 text-xs hover:bg-black/5" title="Hear pronunciation">Speak</button>}
           {word.strongNumber && <span className="rounded-full border border-[var(--r-line)] px-2.5 py-0.5 text-xs text-[var(--r-sub)]">{word.strongNumber}</span>}
         </div>
       </div>

src/utils/speakOriginalWord.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { test, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { originalLanguage, speakableText, speakOriginalWord } from './wordStudy.js';
+
+let synth;
+beforeEach(() => {
+  synth = { voices: [], cancel: vi.fn(), resume: vi.fn(), speak: vi.fn(), getVoices: () => synth.voices, addEventListener: vi.fn(), removeEventListener: vi.fn() };
+  window.speechSynthesis = synth;
+  globalThis.SpeechSynthesisUtterance = class { constructor(text) { this.text = text; } };
+});
+afterEach(() => { delete window.speechSynthesis; delete globalThis.SpeechSynthesisUtterance; });
+
+test('the language comes from the word itself, then from the Strong\'s prefix', () => {
+  expect(originalLanguage('אָדָם', '')).toBe('he');
+  expect(originalLanguage('λόγος', 'H1')).toBe('el');
+  expect(originalLanguage('word', 'H430')).toBe('he');
+  expect(originalLanguage('word', 'g25')).toBe('el');
+  expect(originalLanguage('word', '')).toBeNull();
+});
+
+test('cantillation marks and punctuation are removed before speaking', () => {
+  expect(speakableText('בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית׃')).toBe('בְּרֵאשִׁית');
+  expect(speakableText(' λόγος. ')).toBe('λόγος');
+});
+
+test('uses a Greek voice when the device has one', async () => {
+  const voice = { lang: 'el-GR', name: 'Melina' };
+  synth.voices = [{ lang: 'en-US' }, voice];
+  expect(await speakOriginalWord('λόγος', 'G3056', 'lógos')).toBe('original');
+  const utt = synth.speak.mock.calls[0][0];
+  expect(utt.text).toBe('λόγος');
+  expect(utt.voice).toBe(voice);
+  expect(synth.cancel).toHaveBeenCalled();
+});
+
+test('reads the transliteration in the default voice when there is no Greek or Hebrew voice', async () => {
+  synth.voices = [{ lang: 'en-US' }];
+  expect(await speakOriginalWord('אָדָם', 'H121', '’ā·ḏām')).toBe('transliteration');
+  const utt = synth.speak.mock.calls[0][0];
+  expect(utt.text).toBe('’ā ḏām');
+  expect(utt.lang).toBe('en-US');
+});
+
+test('says it is unavailable when there is no voice and no transliteration, or no speech support', async () => {
+  synth.voices = [{ lang: 'en-US' }];
+  expect(await speakOriginalWord('λόγος', 'G3056')).toBe('unavailable');
+  expect(synth.speak).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  delete window.speechSynthesis;
+  expect(await speakOriginalWord('λόγος', 'G3056', 'logos')).toBe('unavailable');
+});
+
+test('waits for the voice list when the browser has not loaded it yet', async () => {
+  const voice = { lang: 'he-IL' };
+  synth.addEventListener = vi.fn((_, cb) => { synth.voices = [voice]; cb(); });
+  expect(await speakOriginalWord('אָדָם', 'H121', 'adam')).toBe('original');
+});

src/utils/wordStudy.js

@@ -175,23 +175,55 @@ export const formatCrossRef = (ref) => {
   return `${bookName} ${ref.chapter}:${verseRange}`;
 };
 
-export const speakOriginalWord = (word, strongsNum) => {
-  if (!window.speechSynthesis) return;
-  if (window.speechSynthesis.speaking) window.speechSynthesis.cancel();
-  const lang = strongsNum?.startsWith('H') ? 'he-IL' : 'el-GR';
-  const voices = window.speechSynthesis.getVoices();
-  const match = voices.find((v) => v.lang.startsWith(lang.split('-')[0]));
-  const utt = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(word + '.');
-  utt.lang = lang;
+// Which language a word is in: its own letters first (a word looked up by a Strong's number may not have one), then the
+// Strong's prefix. Returns 'he', 'el', or null.
+export const originalLanguage = (word, strongsNum) => {
+  if (/[\u0590-\u05FF]/.test(word ?? '')) return 'he';
+  if (/[\u0370-\u03FF\u1F00-\u1FFF]/.test(word ?? '')) return 'el';
+  const prefix = String(strongsNum ?? '').trim().charAt(0).toUpperCase();
+  return prefix === 'H' ? 'he' : prefix === 'G' ? 'el' : null;
+};
+
+// What to hand the voice: no cantillation marks (they can stop a voice reading the word), no Hebrew maqaf or
+// sof pasuq, no stray punctuation.
+export const speakableText = (word) => String(word ?? '').replace(/[\u0591-\u05AF\u05BD\u05C0\u05C3]/g, '').replace(/\u05BE/g, ' ').replace(/[.,;:·׃]/g, '').replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+
+// Browsers fill the voice list in after the page loads, so the first call can see none. Waits briefly for them.
+const loadVoices = () => new Promise((resolve) => {
+  const synth = window.speechSynthesis;
+  const now = synth.getVoices();
+  if (now.length) { resolve(now); return; }
+  const done = () => { synth.removeEventListener?.('voiceschanged', done); resolve(synth.getVoices()); };
+  synth.addEventListener?.('voiceschanged', done);
+  window.setTimeout(done, 800);
+});
+
+// Says the original word in a Greek or Hebrew voice. Many phones and computers have no such voice installed, so
+// without one it reads the transliteration in the default voice instead of staying silent.
+// Resolves to 'original', 'transliteration' or 'unavailable' (nothing could be spoken).
+export const speakOriginalWord = async (word, strongsNum, transliteration = '') => {
+  const synth = typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window.speechSynthesis : null;
+  if (!synth || typeof SpeechSynthesisUtterance === 'undefined') return 'unavailable';
+  const language = originalLanguage(word, strongsNum);
+  const text = speakableText(word);
+  const voices = await loadVoices();
+  const voice = language && voices.find((v) => v.lang?.toLowerCase().startsWith(language));
+  const fallback = String(transliteration ?? '').replace(/[·.]/g, ' ').replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+  const useOriginal = !!(voice && text);
+  const say = useOriginal ? text : fallback;
+  if (!say) return 'unavailable';
+
+  synth.cancel(); // also clears a stuck queue, which some browsers get into
+  const utt = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(say);
   utt.rate = 0.85;
-  if (match) utt.voice = match;
+  if (useOriginal) { utt.voice = voice; utt.lang = voice.lang; } else utt.lang = 'en-US';
   // Chain a silent tail so the audio session fades rather than clicks shut
   utt.onend = () => {
-    const tail = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance('     ');
+    const tail = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance('     ');
     tail.volume = 0;
-    tail.lang = lang;
-    if (match) tail.voice = match;
-    window.speechSynthesis.speak(tail);
+    synth.speak(tail);
   };
-  window.speechSynthesis.speak(utt);
+  synth.resume?.(); // Chrome can leave the engine paused
+  synth.speak(utt);
+  return useOriginal ? 'original' : 'transliteration';
 };