diff --git a/server/helpers.js b/server/helpers.js
index ba86bac..7426b23 100644
--- a/server/helpers.js
+++ b/server/helpers.js
@@ -226,26 +226,36 @@ function sanitizeArchivedSeriesNotes(value) {
 }
 
 function sanitizeColossiansStudySections(value) {
+  function normalizeReleasedAt(value) {
+    if (typeof value !== 'string' || !value.trim()) return ''
+    const parsed = Date.parse(value.trim())
+    if (!Number.isFinite(parsed)) return ''
+    return new Date(parsed).toISOString().replace('.000Z', 'Z')
+  }
+
   const source = Array.isArray(value) ? value : []
   return source
     .filter(item => item && typeof item === 'object')
-    .map(item => ({
-      id: typeof item.id === 'string' && item.id.trim() ? item.id.trim() : randomUUID(),
-      chapter: Number.isInteger(item.chapter) && item.chapter >= 1 && item.chapter <= 999 ? item.chapter : 1,
-      reference: typeof item.reference === 'string' ? item.reference.trim().slice(0, 40) : '',
-      title: typeof item.title === 'string' ? item.title.trim().slice(0, 160) : '',
-      audioEmbedUrl: sanitizeUrl(item.audioEmbedUrl),
-      passageText: typeof item.passageText === 'string' ? item.passageText.trim().slice(0, 12000) : '',
-      summary: typeof item.summary === 'string' ? item.summary.trim().slice(0, 600) : '',
-      commentary: typeof item.commentary === 'string' ? item.commentary.trim().slice(0, 12000) : '',
-      greekNotes: Array.isArray(item.greekNotes)
-        ? item.greekNotes.filter(note => typeof note === 'string').map(note => note.trim()).filter(Boolean).slice(0, 20)
-        : [],
-      studyQuestions: Array.isArray(item.studyQuestions)
-        ? item.studyQuestions.filter(question => typeof question === 'string').map(question => question.trim()).filter(Boolean).slice(0, 20)
-        : [],
-      ...(typeof item.releasedAt === 'string' && /^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}Z$/.test(item.releasedAt) ? { releasedAt: item.releasedAt } : {}),
-    }))
+    .map(item => {
+      const releasedAt = normalizeReleasedAt(item.releasedAt)
+      return {
+        id: typeof item.id === 'string' && item.id.trim() ? item.id.trim() : randomUUID(),
+        chapter: Number.isInteger(item.chapter) && item.chapter >= 1 && item.chapter <= 999 ? item.chapter : 1,
+        reference: typeof item.reference === 'string' ? item.reference.trim().slice(0, 40) : '',
+        title: typeof item.title === 'string' ? item.title.trim().slice(0, 160) : '',
+        audioEmbedUrl: sanitizeUrl(item.audioEmbedUrl),
+        passageText: typeof item.passageText === 'string' ? item.passageText.trim().slice(0, 12000) : '',
+        summary: typeof item.summary === 'string' ? item.summary.trim().slice(0, 600) : '',
+        commentary: typeof item.commentary === 'string' ? item.commentary.trim().slice(0, 12000) : '',
+        greekNotes: Array.isArray(item.greekNotes)
+          ? item.greekNotes.filter(note => typeof note === 'string').map(note => note.trim()).filter(Boolean).slice(0, 20)
+          : [],
+        studyQuestions: Array.isArray(item.studyQuestions)
+          ? item.studyQuestions.filter(question => typeof question === 'string').map(question => question.trim()).filter(Boolean).slice(0, 20)
+          : [],
+        ...(releasedAt ? { releasedAt } : {}),
+      }
+    })
     .filter(item => item.title || item.summary || item.commentary || item.greekNotes.length > 0 || item.studyQuestions.length > 0 || item.passageText)
 }